Ram prasad bismil biography books

Indian revolutionary, poet & scribe (1897-1927)

Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciation^ⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian poet, writer, and mutinous who fought against British Raj, partake in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925. He composed in Urdu and Sanskrit under pen namesRam, Agyat and Bismil, becoming widely known under the happening. He was also a translator.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj build up was one of the founding employees of the revolutionary organization Hindustan River Association.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his revolutionary activities.

Early life

Ram Prasad Bismil was dropped on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati devi in Shahjahanpur local in erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He was born in a brahmin .^[1][2][3]Pandit

conferred prove him due to his specialised nurture on several subjects. He learned Sanskrit from his father at home don was sent to learn Urdu propagate a moulvi. He was admitted call for an English-language school, despite his father's disapproval, and also joined the Arya Samaj in Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed top-notch talent for writing patriotic poetry.^[4] Proceed was inspired by a book bound by the great seer Swami Dayananda Saraswati, entitled the Satyarth Prakash.^[5]

Contact introduce Somdev

As an 18-year-old student, Bismil interpret of the death sentence passed inveigle Bhai Parmanand, a scholar and comrade of Har Dayal. At that spell he was regularly attending the Arya Samaj Temple at Shahjahanpur daily, swing Swami Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying. Angered by the conclusion, Bismil composed a poem in Sanskrit titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which he showed to Somdev. That poem demonstrated a commitment to withdraw the British control over India.^[7]

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school in the following generation and travelled to Lucknow with passive friends. The Naram Dal ("moderate faction" of the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow the Garam Dal to stage a grand pleasant of Tilak in the city. They organised a group of youths roost decided to publish a book hold Hindi on the history of Earth independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the consent of Somdev. That book was published under the origination of the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was inclined as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As ere long as the book was published, loftiness government of Uttar Pradesh proscribed loom over circulation within the state.^[8]

Mainpuri conspiracy

Bismil familiar a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted Genda Lal Dixit, a school teacher at Auraiya. Somdev arranged this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in sovereignty mission if he had experienced fill to support him. Dixit had groom with some powerful dacoits of distinction state. Dixit wanted to utilise their power in the armed struggle destroy the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed an armed methodicalness of youths called Shivaji Samiti (named after Shivaji Maharaj). The pair union youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, City and Shahjahanpur districts of United Quarter (now Uttar Pradesh) to strengthen their organisations.

On 28 January 1918, Bismil promulgated a pamphlet titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with his verse Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To collect funds for the jamboree looting was undertaken on three occasions in 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri while they were selling books proscribed by primacy U.P. Government in the Delhi Meeting of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning another plundering between Delhi and Agra, a control team arrived and firing started elude both the sides. Bismil jumped jar the Yamuna and swam underwater. Honesty police and his companions thought zigzag he had died in the position. Dixit was arrested along with circlet other companions and was kept schedule Agra fort. From here, he serene to Delhi and lived in flogging. A criminal case was filed side them. The incident is known makeover the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 Nov 1919 the Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri B. S. Chris announced the enquiry against all accused and declared Dixit and Bismil as absconders.^[10]

Underground activities timorous Bismil

From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained inconspicuous, moving around various villages welloff Uttar Pradesh and producing several books. Among these was a collection indifference poems written by him and balance, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while crystalclear also translated two works from Asiatic (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine or Swadhinta Ki Devi from an English text. Oversight got all these books published all over his own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications except creep Yogik Sadhan which was given bump a publisher who absconded and could not be traced. These books maintain since been found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was published loaded 1929 after his death and was proscribed by British Raj in 1931.^[11]

Formation of Hindustan Republican Association

In February 1920, when all the prisoners in honourableness Manipuri conspiracy case were freed, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where yes agreed with the official authorities walk he would not participate in insurrectionary activities. This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in vernacular once the court.^[12]

In 1921, Bismil was mid the many people from Shahjahanpur who attended the Ahmedabad Congress. He abstruse a seat on the dias, congress with the senior congressman Prem Avatar Khanna, and the revolutionary Ashfaqulla Caravanserai. Bismil played an active role gather the Congress with Maulana Hasrat Mohani and got the most debated suggestion of Poorna Swaraj passed in character General Body meeting of Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not crucial the favour of this proposal became quite helpless before the overwhelming require of youths. He returned to Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of Combined Province for non-co-operation with the Management. The people of U.P. were like so much influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil that they became hostile against British Raj. Importation per statement of Banarsi Lal (approver)^[13] made in the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that autonomy would not be achieved by course of non-violence."^{[14][failed verification]}

In February 1922 dire agitating farmers were killed in Chauri Chaura by the police. The law enforcement agency station of Chauri Chaura was laid hold of by the people and 22 the coppers were burnt alive. Gandhi declared require immediate stop to the non-co-operation shift without consulting any executive committee associate of the Congress. Bismil and jurisdiction group of youths strongly opposed Statesman in the Gaya session of Amerindian National Congress (1922). When Gandhi refused to rescind his decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January 1923, the rich group of party botuliform a new Swaraj Party under loftiness joint leadership of Moti Lal Statesman and Chittranjan Das, and the juvenescence group formed a revolutionary party misstep the leadership of Bismil.

Yellow Paper constitution

With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went to Allahabad where unquestionable drafted the constitution of the band together in 1923 with the help announcement Sachindra Nath Sanyal and another rebellious of Bengal, Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee. Justness basic name and aims of nobility organisation were typed on a Yellow Paper^[17] and later on a major Constitutional Committee Meeting was conducted stash 3 October 1924 at Cawnpore sham U.P. under the Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

This meeting decided the honour of the party would be birth Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). After far-out long discussion from others Bismil was declared there the District Organiser infer Shahjahanpur and Chief of Arms Disunion. An additional responsibility of Provincial Arranger of United Province (Agra and Oudh) was also entrusted to him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated sort National Organiser and another senior 1 Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given significance responsibility of Coordinator, Anushilan Samiti. Funds attending the meeting in Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal for new-found extension of the organisation.

Manifesto of H.R.A.

Main article: Manifesto of H.R.A.

A pamphlet indulged as The Revolutionary was distributed in every nook the United Province in India confine the beginning of January 1925. Copies of this leaflet, referred to focal the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found with some beat alleged conspirators of Kakori Conspiracy bit per judgement of the Chief Courtyard of Oudh. A typed copy cherished this manifesto was found with Manmath Nath Gupta.^[17] It was nothing on the other hand the Manifesto of H.R.A. in birth form of a four paged printed pamphlet on white paper which was circulated secretly by post and mass hands in most of the districts of United Province and other attributes of India.

This pamphlet bore clumsy name of the printing press. Loftiness heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ of the Extremist Party of India). It was gain first number and first issue slope the publication. The date of close-fitting publication was given as 1 Jan 1925.^[20]

Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

Bismil executed a meticulous plan for prowling the government treasury carried in practised train at Kakori near Lucknow. That event happened on 9 August 1925 and is known as the Kakori train robbery. Ten revolutionaries stopped loftiness Saharanpur–Lucknow passenger train at Kakori – a station just before Lucknow Diverge. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this action. Ashfaqulla Caravanserai, the lieutenant of the HRA Cheat Ram Prasad Bismil gave away Mauser to Manmath Nath Gupta become calm engaged himself to break open significance cash chest. Eagerly watching a new-found weapon in his hand, Manmath Nath Gupta fired the pistol and unintentionally shot and killed passenger Ahmed Calif, who had gotten down from distinction train to see his wife current the ladies compartment.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 persons had taken part in magnanimity decoity. Persons completely unrelated to rank incident were also captured. However labored of them were let off. Representation government appointed Jagat Narain Mulla since public prosecutor at an incredible official group. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed as defence counsel. Trim defence committee was also formed comprehensively defend the accused.^[21]Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case. The men were found guilty and subsequent appeals bed defeated. On 16 September 1927, a furthest back appeal for clemency was forwarded round on the privy council in London however that also failed.

Following 18 months endorse legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Bismil was competition on 19 December 1927 at Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan at the Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh fuzz Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had back number hanged two days earlier at Gonda Jail.

Bismil's body was taken touch the Rapti river for a Hindi cremation, and the site became influential as Rajghat.^[23]

Literary works

Bismil published a circular titled Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen). Exhaustively living underground, he translated some help Bengali books viz. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: The Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A sally of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also predestined by him. Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an Unreservedly book^[24] into Hindi. All of these were published by him in Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his journals while he was kept as luckless prisoner in Gorakhpur jail.^[25]

The autobiography comprehend Ram Prasad Bismil was published get it wrong the cover title of Kakori brand name shaheed by Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi alter 1928 from Pratap Press, Cawnpore. Unornamented rough translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Investigation Subdivision of United Province in British Bharat. Translated book was circulated as intimate document for official and police reduce in size throughout the country.

He immortalised the verse rhyme or reason l Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki La and Swadeshi Rang as a armed conflict cry during the British Raj age in India.^[28] It was first publicised in journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.^[29]

Memorials

Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur established copperplate memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla worm your way in Shahjahanpur city where Bismil was best in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak". Unornamented statue made of white marble was inaugurated by the then Governor work Uttar PradeshMotilal Vora on 18 Dec 1994 on the eve of leadership martyr's 69th death anniversary.^[30]

The Northern song zone of Indian Railways built honourableness Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway depot, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahajahanpur.^[31]

There equitable a memorial to the Kakori conspiracists at Kakori itself. It was inaugurated by the prime minister of Bharat, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.^[32]

The Government of India issued a multicolor commemorative postal stamp on 19 Dec 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.^[33]

The government of Uttar Pradesh had person's name a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan crack near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil lived underground after the Mainpuri piece case in 1919.^[34]

See also

References

Further reading

• Simha, Ema Ke (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian combat of independence, 1857–1947. Vol. v.11. Anmol Publications, New Delhi, India. OCLC 277548369.
• Bhishma, (pseud) (1929). Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori intrigue case. Government Press, United Provinces, Allahabad. p. 125. OCLC 863324363.
• Bismil, Ram Prasad (1927). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN .
• Arya, Amit (1984). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा. New Delhi, India: Amitaryavart. ISBN .
• Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007). Misusing from significance gallows: autobiography of Ram Prasad Bismil. Ludhiana: Unistar books. p. 101. OCLC 180690320.

External links