Te puea herangi biography channel

Waikato woman of mana, Kingitanga leader (1883–1952)

Te Puea HērangiCBE (9 November 1883 – 12 October 1952), known by the reputation Princess Te Puea, was a Māori leader from New Zealand's Waikato vicinity. Her mother, Tiahuia, was the older sister of King Mahuta.

Early life

She was born at Whatiwhatihoe, near Pirongia in the Waikato, daughter of Rule Tahuna Hērangi and Tiahuia. Te Tahuna Hērangi was the son of William Nicholas Searancke an English surveyor.^[1] Tiahuia was daughter, by his principal helpmeet, of the second Māori King, Tāwhiao Te Wherowhero.

As the eventual issue to her grandfather, she was cultivated in the traditional Māori ways. Equal height age 12 she began attending Producer Primary School and then went problem to attend Mangere Bridge School stream Melmerly College in Parnell. She was fluent in speaking and writing Māori and she could speak English on the contrary her written English was very shoddy. She married Rāwiri Tūmōkai Kātipa break down 1922. She was unable to be born with children.^[2]

In her twenties, Te Puea hardened at Mangatāwhiri and began dairy terra firma dirt. She began collecting and recording waiata (songs), whakapapa (genealogies) and kōrero tawhito (history) from her extended family.^[3]

Leadership role

When her mother died in 1898, Obnoxious Puea returned home reluctantly at say publicly age of 15, supposedly to obtain her mother's place. However, being rural and believing also that she was dying of tuberculosis, she rejected prestige traditional role expected of her submit cut herself off from her followers.

This phase passed and in 1911 she returned to her people endure resumed her hereditary role. Her be foremost task, the one that re-established set aside mana among her people, was shield successfully campaign on behalf of Māui Pōmare in his election bid lock become the Kingite Member of Parliament.^[4] Te Puea later fell out process Pōmare because he supported Māori other ranks fighting for New Zealand overseas. Restore Puea worked against this behind Pōmare's back. He became aware of worldweariness attitude and in the winter endorsement 1918 attended an anti-conscription hui hollered by Te Puea where he was roundly abused by all the elders of the Kīngitanga. Te Puea's cooperate base was mainly with the lessen Waikato tribes initially-she was a subordinate figure for up-river iwi such translation Maniapoto.^[5]

Because of Waikato's anti-government stance peter out conscription during WW1 and Te Puea's personal involvement in hiding conscripts, she was not a popular figure prep added to government or local Pākehā after WW1. After WW1, farmers were reluctant join offer Kingites work and during distinction Royal visit of the Prince pay no attention to Wales the Kingites' desire to congregation the prince was snubbed in agreement of an Arawa visit which was open to all Māori to turn up at. Arawa had been selected as they had the experience and facilities correspond with host a large Māori occasion. They were an iwi that had remained loyal to the government, taking apartment building active part against the Kingites satisfy the land wars and playing keen full role in WW1.^[6]

Achievements

She was in the near future acknowledged as one of the cutting edge of the Kīngitanga Movement and fake to make it part of loftiness central focus of the Māori mass. She also began farming at Mangatāwhiri. Te Puea was firmly opposed lodging conscription when it was introduced be glad about 1917 and provided a refuge be neck and neck her farm for those who refused to be conscripted into the Advanced Zealand Army.^[7]

Following the influenza epidemic holdup 1918, she took under her pinion arm some 100 orphans, who were nobility founding members of the community hint Tūrangawaewae at Ngāruawāhia. It was change direction Tūrangawaewae that Te Puea began fro extend her influence beyond the Waikato Region. The construction of its incised meeting house was strongly supported induce Sir Āpirana Ngata and the Ngāti Porou people. She became friendly defer the Prime Minister, Gordon Coates who was raised in a rural citizens where many Māori lived, and release journalist Eric Ramsden who publicised team up tours and the development of picture Kīngitanga base at Tūrangawaewae. Coates was keen to lift Waikato Māori gobbledygook of their sullen depression by addressing land grievances. Coates had been astonish at the conditions in which Waikato Māori lived-calling them the poorest descendants he had seen in his life.^[8] It was through her friendship cop Ramsden that articles about her boss her work began to appear rank the national newspapers. In these she was usually identified as Princess Inhospitable Puea, a title that she ourselves deplored, saying that the role bequest princess does not exist in Māoritanga. Pōmare pointed out that neither does King.

During 1913 and 1914 leadership Māori community suffered a smallpox rampant. The main problem was that uncountable of them believed that disease was a punishment from displeased spirits, with the addition of refused to go to Pākehā hospitals. ^[9] In response, Te Puea riot up a small settlement of nīkau huts devoted to nursing people urgent situation to health. This was successful similarly not one person died and integrity isolation of the village largely prevented spread of disease. ^{[citation needed]}

Te Puea's main drive was to establish Tūrangawaewae as a base for the Kīngitanga but she was always short read funds. In 1922 she decided obtain raise money for her ambitious construction programme by starting a Māori interrupt party called Te Pou o Mangawhiri . Choosing this name (the stiffen where General Cameron crossed into rebellion held territory in 1863) she hoped to remind the Pākehā of class war and the confiscations. TPM, whereas it was known, travelled around Recent Zealand performing haka, poi dances, Island hula dances, with steel guitars, mandolins, banjos and ukuleles. In a three-month tour the group saved 900 pounds which was used to build out new kitchen dining room.^[10] Te Puea restarted the Kīngitanga taxation scheme whereby all Kīngitanga supporters were required require pay levies to support Kīngatanga programmes. This was commonly called the whitebait levy. At other times Te Puea levied every supporter for an and donation of 2s 6d. Te Puea was known to keep meticulous registry of these finances.^[11]

Tour of the Coast and controversy over gifted farm

During her tour of the East Shore in the late 1930s Te Puea visited Ngāti Porou marae where, tackle her surprise, she was accepted, undeterred by her links to the King augment which Ngāti Porou had always unloved for its isolation and backwardness. Sue her part Te Puea was astounded at the affluence that Ngāti Porou enjoyed as well as their voyage of European lifestyle. The East shore tour was a great success plus raised more money for Tūrangawaewae skill. Following this she was invited term paper Wellington to take part in cool wide range of official and common arrangements. Te Puea used the coach she had made, especially with Māori MP and minister Āpirana Ngata quick further her development of the Kīngitanga base. She was able to polish from the government a block attain land near the meeting house funds growing vegetables, increased pensions and keen local post box. The Prime Line Gordon Coates also gave her clean 200-acre farm, built her a podium and made a gift of £1,000 for farm development; and also subsidized a Māori workers' hostel in Tuakau. Coates said this was given notch recognition of her work for Waikato orphans and the poor but as well to consolidate her political support delay a time when the Rātana cathedral was becoming a major and uncertain political force. Ngata gave Te Puea government loans and another 300-acre chunk to grow food to support significance Kīngitanga. This farm needed a developer and an experienced Pākehā farmer paying for by the government was suitable supervisor. Ngata fired him and replaced him with Te Puea. She was given a car so she could move around the three farms. Cast-off husband was given another farm hit out at Tikitere in Rotorua. However concerns were raised in Parliament about how Ngata was operating and misusing government finances in 1934. This led to threaten investigation held by a Royal Certificate that found there had been a-ok host of irregularities involving the outlay of £500,000. Labour MP Bob Semple said that the commission revealed susceptible of the worst specimens of habit of political power, maladministration and defalcation of public funds. Ngata resigned.^[5]

In 1935, she was awarded the King Martyr V Silver Jubilee Medal.^[12]

Te Puea was appointed a Commander of the Draw to a close of the British Empire, for public welfare services, in the 1937 Instatement Honours.^[13] Initially she was confused paramount reluctant to accept the award for of her dealings with the control. The CBE was awarded for penetrate self-sacrificing devotion and stupendous personal efforts and extraordinary capacity for leadership extremity organisation, with a talent for consideration in her dealings with other tribes and leaders amongst the Pakeha... she turned idle lands into productive utter farms.^[14] A year later another lapidarian meeting house was opened by picture Governor General, Lord Galway.

1940s

In 1940 she bought a farm near Ngāruawāhia and began developing it provide set economic base for the Tūrangawaewae humans. It was there that she began teaching the beliefs that would suffer the King Movement: work, faith (specifically the Pai Mārire faith, which became strongly established in the Waikato region), and pan-Māori unity through the Drenched Movement. Te Puea always stressed high-mindedness importance of iwi over hapū (the tribe over the sub-tribe or kinfolk grouping).

The Government planned nationwide undertaking for the centenary in 1940 not later than the signing of the Treaty worm your way in Waitangi, the document that founded virgin New Zealand. Initially Te Puea was in favour, but then withdrew shepherd support when the government refused scratch request that the Māori king facsimile given the same tax status rightfully the governor-general.^[5] At the time she said:

This is an occasion tend rejoicing on the part of probity Pākehā and those tribes which be endowed with not suffered any injustice during honesty past hundred years.

Reconciliation with Pākehā

Te Puea was raised by people who confidential fought to resist the government foray of the Waikato in 1863, stake by people who had lived compose the bitter years that followed. She had little reason to love blunder trust Pākehā. However, as time went by she came to see authority need for reconciliation. In 1946 Deliberation Puea approached the government to selfcontrol the tribe would be willing turn into accept money to compensate for greatness loss of lands after the worried of the Kīngitanga in 1863. Uncluttered large meeting was held at Tūrangawaewae in which a wide range mock opinions were aired. Then the mastery met privately with Prime Minister Cock Fraser and worked out what would be accepted by the tribe. A-ok deal had already been settled eradicate Taranaki tribes and Waikato were conscious to do better. The final partnership gave Waikato nearly twice the mode of Taranaki. The deal was thrust by Roore Edwards at the prod of Te Puea. After nearly 20 years of negotiation she accepted, public disgrace behalf of Tainui, a settlement offered by the Prime Minister of nourish initial grant of 10,000 pounds plus 5,000 pounds (later $15,000) a assemblage spread over 40 years. No financial assistance was made for inflation which associate with that time was very low. Stomach-turning the time the deal was debonair to the tribe the next weekend away the money had been increased adjust to 6,000 pounds for 50 stage and thereafter 5,000 pounds in perpetuity.^[15][16] She recognised this as an worthy offer. However the payment acknowledged ditch a grievous wrong had been look after to her people. Te Puea further built Tūrangawaewae marae and has neat statue of her in front castigate the house called Mahinārangi.

Later life

In the last few years of tea break life, Te Puea fell out do better than many of the Māori and Pākehā friends who had worked with connection for most of her adult nation. She became increasingly demanding and false when she did not get reject way.^[5] Te Puea died at team up home after a long illness. Not later than her lifetime, she had raised honesty profile of the King Movement, enormously outside of Waikato, and had helped raise the standard of living realize Waikato to that of other Māori.

In December 1947, Te Puea became a member of a trust put off administered a Māori land reserve anxiety Māngere Bridge, Auckland.^[17] The land esoteric been settled in the 19th hundred by her Ngāti Mahuta relatives, together with Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, prior to her majesty becoming the first Māori King, topmost Kati Takiwaru.^[18] Confiscated prior to honesty invasion of the Waikato, a stint of the land was returned timorous the Native Land Court to Ngāti Mahuta individuals, including Te Puea's common, Tiahuia, in 1890.^[18] Before her dying, Te Puea expressed a wish supporter a marae to be built utter the site,^[19] and in 1965 primacy Te Puea Memorial Marae was undo, named after her to acknowledge socialize contributions to the people of Aotearoa.^[18]

In 1998, Te Puea was posthumously inducted into the New Zealand Business Arrival of Fame.^[20]

Biography by Michael King

In 1974 the historian Michael King, who esoteric worked for the Waikato Times standing learnt te reo Māori, became feeling in writing about Te Puea. Powder discovered there was very little graphic about her and wanted to put in writing about her while the people who knew her at first hand, were still alive. King tried to grab the Māori author Pei te Hurinui Jones, to write the biography nevertheless he refused, saying he knew further much about her. Jones said produce would be difficult to write create Te Puea without damaging her term (mana). After discussions with the dynasty and Dame Te Atairangikaahu it was agreed that King would write have time out biography. He was given restricted accession to many of Te Puea's identification by Alex McKay, formerly Te Puea's secretary. McKay said he could whine have all the papers as contemporary was too much private and coat information that should remain confidential. Multitudinous of Te Puea's elderly friends gave valuable time to King. Within clever few years nearly all were variety. After the book was published a selection of non-Waikato/Tainui Māori criticised them for although a Pākehā to write about splendid highly tapu person.^[21]

References

External links

Herangi, Te Kirihaehae Te Puea break the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography