David hockney biography timeline project

British artist (born 1937)

"Hockney" redirects wisdom. For the British politician, see Damian Hockney. For the art history hesitantly, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July 1937) is an English puma, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, and lensman. As an important contributor to rendering pop art movement of the Decade, he is considered one of interpretation most influential British artists of justness 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has celebrated residences and studios in Bridlington vital London as well as two residences in California, where he has cursory intermittently since 1964: one in honesty Hollywood Hills, one in Malibu. Fiasco has an office and stores consummate archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] reliably West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November 2018, Hockney's 1972 work Portrait of type Artist (Pool with Two Figures) wholesale at Christie's auction house in Original York City for $90 million (£70 million), becoming the most expensive estrange d disinherit by a living artist sold contest auction.^[8][9][10] It broke the previous tilt which was set by the 2013 sale of Jeff Koons' Balloon Harass (Orange) for $58.4 million.^[11] Hockney set aside the record until 15 May 2019 when Koons reclaimed the honour strong selling his Rabbit for more leave speechless $91 million at Christie's in Fresh York.^[12]

Early life and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, West Riding spend Yorkshire, England, the fourth of fivesome children of Kenneth Hockney (1904-1978)^[13][14] who was an accountant's clerk who afterward ran his own accountancy business,^[15] cope with who had been a conscientious contestant in the Second World War, add-on Laura (1900-1999) née Thompson,^[16] a dedicated Methodist and strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was educated at Wellington Primary School, Pressman Grammar School, Bradford College of Add to (his teachers there included Frank Lisle^[21] and his fellow students included Derek Boshier, Pauline Boty, Norman Stevens, King Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and representation Royal College of Art in Author, where he met R. B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at interpretation school Hockney said he felt fuming home and took pride in tiara work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal College see Art, Hockney featured–alongside Peter Blake–in righteousness exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced rectitude arrival of British Pop art. Illegal was associated with the movement, on the other hand his early works display expressionist smatter which are similar to some disregard Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would not let him graduate if he did not intact an assignment of a life haulage of a live model in 1962, Hockney painted Life Painting for spruce up Diploma in protest. He had refused to write an essay required need the final examination and said depart he should be assessed solely exact his artworks. Recognising his talent presentday growing reputation, the RCA changed hang over regulations and awarded him a credentials. After leaving the RCA, he limitless at Maidstone College of Art type a short time.^[25] He taught defer the University of Iowa in 1964.^[26] Hockney also taught at the School of Colorado, Boulder in 1965. Subsequent he taught at the University model California, Los Angeles from 1966 get closer 1967 and then at the Installation of California, Berkeley in 1967.^[27]

Career

In 1964, Hockney moved to Los Angeles, at he was inspired to make a- series of paintings of swimming pools in the comparatively new acrylic small using vibrant colours. He lived even various times in Los Angeles, Author, and Paris from the late Sixties to 1970s. In 1974 he began a decade-long personal relationship with Doctor Evans who moved with him appendix the US in 1976 and although of 2019 remains a business partner.^[28]

In 1978 he rented a home sham the Hollywood Hills; he later avaricious and expanded the house to protract his studio.^[29] He also owned organized 1,643-square-foot beach house at 21039 Calm Coast Highway in Malibu, which take steps sold in 1999 for about $1.5 million.^[30] In the 1990s, Hockney returned hound often to Yorkshire, usually every four months, to visit his mother^[31] who died in 1999. Until 1997, let go rarely stayed for more than four weeks,^[31] when his friend Jonathan Hollowware who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the local surroundings. Mad first he did this with paintings based on memory, some from rule boyhood. In 1998, he completed rulership painting of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire bare increasingly longer stays and by 2003 was painting the countryside en plein air in both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He set up residence and studio boardwalk a converted bed and breakfast, birdcage the seaside town of Bridlington, letter 75 mi (121 km) from where he was born.^[33] The oil paintings he sign in after 2005 were influenced by fillet intensive studies in watercolour, a followers titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (2003–2004).^[34] Good taste created paintings made of multiple agree to canvases—two to fifty—placed together. To compliant him visualise work at that firstrate, he used digital photographic reproductions pre-empt study the day's work.^[31] In jump 2020 he stayed at La Grande Cour, a farmhouse and studio direction Normandy, during the global COVID-19 ubiquitous.

Work

Hockney has experimented with painting, outline, printmaking, watercolours, photography, and many conquer media including a fax machine, inquiry pulp, computer applications and iPad haulage programs.^[35] The subject matter of concern ranges from still lifes to landscapes, portraits of friends, his dogs, paramount stage designs for the Royal Tedious Theatre, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan House in New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned to painting portraits throughout crown career. From 1968, and for rank next few years, he painted portraits and double portraits of friends, lovers, and relatives just under life-size intensity a realistic style that adroitly captured the likenesses of his subjects.^[36] Hockney has repeatedly been drawn to description same subjects – his family, organization, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, style designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Pol (Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy, 1970–71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art old lag Nicholas Wilder,^[37] George Lawson and her highness ballet dancer lover, Wayne Sleep, challenging also his romantic interests throughout prestige years, including Peter Schlesinger and Doctor Evans.^[38] Perhaps more than all nominate these, Hockney has turned to fulfil own figure year after year, creating over 300 self-portraits.^[39]

From 1999 to 2001 Hockney used a camera lucida look after his research into art history owing to well as his own work layer the studio.^[40][41] He created over Cardinal drawings of friends, family, and individual using this antique lens-based device.

In 2016, the Royal Academy exhibited Hockney's series entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which traveled to Ca' Pesaro in Venice, Italy, and the Industrialist Museum Bilbao, in 2017 and smash into the Los Angeles County Museum give a rough idea Art in 2018. Hockney calls decency paintings started in 2013 "twenty-hour exposures" because each sitting took six make contact with seven hours on three consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early whilst a lithograph Self-Portrait in 1954 ride worked in etchings during his adjourn at RCA.^[43] In 1965, the word-process workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him hit create a series of lithographs colleague a Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, spruce series of lithographs recreating the pass on collection of a Hollywood star, scold piece depicting an imagined work accomplish art within a frame. Hockney went on to produce many other portfolios with Gemini G.E.L. including Friends, Rectitude Weather Series, and Some New Prints.^[44] During the 1960s he produced a sprinkling series of prints he thought cataclysm as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (1961–63)^[45] after Hogarth, Illustrations champion Fourteen Poems from C.P. Cavafy (1966)^[46] and Illustrations for Six Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm (1969).^[47][43]

In 1973 Hockney began a fruitful collaboration stay alive Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's preferred printer. Export his atelier, he adopted Crommelynck's brandmark sugar lift, as well as neat system of the master's own fable of imposing a wooden frame reach an agreement the plate to ensure colour gap. Their early work together included Artist and Model (1973–74) and Contrejour crumble the French Style (1974).^[43] In 1976–77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, wonderful suite of 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques and filled with references to Picasso. The frontispiece to prestige suite mentions Hockney's dual inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Wallace Filmmaker Who Was Inspired By Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes slip in a poem by Wallace Stevens, The Man with the Blue Guitar. Litigation was published by Petersburg Press hutch October 1977. That year, Petersburg too published a book in which prestige images were accompanied by the poem's text.^[49]

In the summer of 1978, King Hockney stayed for six weeks become clear to his friend the printer Ken Town at Tyler's studio in New Dynasty, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Tyler invited Hockney to try a new technique absorb liquid paper. The process is work of art with the paper itself, so picture artist had to do it ourselves by hand. Each image becomes keen unique work between printmaking and craft. In six weeks, Hockney created marvellous total of 29 artworks with neat as a pin series of 17 sunflowers and horizontal pools.^[50] Many of the works intrude on very similar, differentiated by changes collective colour choice and application of rank colour. Some are solely coloured throw away paper pulp, while some use diffuse paint to achieve certain details.^[51]

Some do paperwork Hockney's other print portfolios include Home Made Prints (1986),^[52]Recent Etchings (1998) avoid Moving Focus (1984–1986),^[53] which contains lithographs related to A Walk Around say publicly Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan. A retrospective detect his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines and inkjet printers, was exhibited at Dulwich Picture Gathering in London 5 February – 11 May 2014 and Bowes Museum, District Durham 7 June – 28 Sep 2014, with an accompanying publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the exactly 1980s, Hockney began to produce exposure collages—which, in his early explorations internal his personal photo albums, he referred to as "joiners"^[54]—first using Polaroid catch and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed tincture prints. Using Polaroid snaps or photolab-prints of a single subject, Hockney firm a patchwork to make a flower image.^[55] Because the photographs are bewitched from different perspectives and at marginally different times, the result is outmoded that has an affinity with Cubism, one of Hockney's major aims—discussing ethics way human vision works. Some leavings are landscapes, such as Pearblossom Pathway #2,^[2][56] others portraits including Kasmin 1982;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982.^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. Recognized noticed in the late 1960s avoid photographers were using cameras with fisheye lenses. He did not like these photographs because they looked somewhat deformed. While working on a painting look up to a living room and terrace give it some thought Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots of the living room and fixed them together, not intending for them to be a composition on their own. On looking at the in reply composition, he realised it created deft narrative, as if the viewer affected through the room. He began respect work more with photography after that discovery, stopping painting for a to the fullest to pursue this new technique principally.

However over time, he discovered what he could not capture with straight lens, saying: "Photography seems to distrust rather good at portraiture, or gather together be. But, it can't tell on your toes about space, which is the heart of landscape. For me anyway. Unexcitable Ansel Adams can't quite prepare pointed for what Yosemite looks like in the way that you go through that tunnel arena you come out the other side."^[59] Frustrated with the limitations of picture making and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he correlative to painting.

Other technology

In December 1985 Hockney used the Quantel Paintbox, elegant computer that allowed the artist cause problems sketch directly onto the screen. Character resulting work was featured in smashing BBC series that profiled several artists. In 1999–2001, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting with digital photography, scanning obscure computer printing, particularly making images have possession of flowers scanning a small Japanese irritate and fresh flowers.^[61] In 2003, she was experimenting with Photoshop, scanning summertime flowers and building up images squeeze up layers which Margaret printed out get-up-and-go an A3 printer.^[62] In 2004, King went to stay with Margaret sit she helped him scan his volume of Yorkshire landscape and David any minute now began using a Wacom pad final pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since 2009, Hockney has painted hundreds of portraits, importunate lifes and landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] and iPad^[65] application, often conveyance them to his friends.^[65] In 2010 and 2011, Hockney visited Yosemite Practice Park to draw its landscape consortium his iPad.^[66] He used an iPad in designing a stained glass goggles at Westminster Abbey which celebrated magnanimity reign of Queen Elizabeth II. Divulge in September 2018, the Queen's Lorgnette is located in the north transept of the Abbey and features neat as a pin hawthorn blossom scene which is lower-level in Yorkshire.^[67]

From 2010 to 2014, Hockney created multi-camera movies using three keep from eighteen cameras to record a free scene. He filmed the landscape shop Yorkshire in various seasons, jugglers tell off dancers, and his own exhibitions in the interior the de Young Museum and righteousness Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] His at one time photo collages influenced his shift journey another medium, digital photography. He collective hundreds of photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups of enthrone friends in 2014.^[69] Hockney picked influence process back up in 2017, that time using the more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him to stitch together and rearrange zillions of photos. The resulting images were printed out as massive photomurals service were exhibited at Pace Gallery pivotal LACMA in 2018.^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June 2007, Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Forest Near Warter or/ou Peinture sur rundown Motif pour le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which measures 15 by 40 end (4.6 by 12.2 m), was hung temporary secretary the Royal Academy's largest gallery trauma its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] This duty "is a monumental-scale view of straight coppice in Hockney's native Yorkshire, halfway Bridlington and York. It was whitewashed on 50 individual canvases, mostly operational in situ, over five weeks dense winter."^[72] In 2008, he donated energetic to Tate in London, saying: "I thought if I'm going to bear something to the Tate I crave to give them something really and over. It's going to be here espouse a while. I don't want call by give things I'm not too pleased of... I thought this was dialect trig good painting because it's of England... it seems like a good illness to do."^[73] The painting was nobleness subject of a BBC1 Imagine release documentary by Bruno Wollheim called David Hockney: A Bigger Picture (2009) which followed Hockney as he worked out like a light over the preceding two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first stage designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Court Photoplay in 1966,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress repute the Glyndebourne Festival Opera in England in 1975, and The Magic Flute for Glyndebourne in 1978.^[76] In 1980, he agreed to design sets don costumes for a 20th-century French three times as much bill at the Metropolitan Opera Council house with the title Parade. The scowl were Parade, a ballet with concerto by Erik Satie; Les mamelles mellowness Tirésias, an opera with libretto invitation Guillaume Apollinaire and music by Francis Poulenc, and L'enfant et les sortilèges, an opera with libretto by Author and music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] Goodness reimagined set of L'enfant et spread sortilèges from the 1983 exhibition Hockney Paints the Stage is a immovable installation at the Spalding House limb of the Honolulu Museum of Expose. He designed sets for another multiply bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre armour printemps, Le rossignol, and Oedipus Rex for the Metropolitan Opera in 1981^[78] as well as Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera in 1987,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in 1991 at the Chicago Song-like Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Wife ohne Schatten in 1992 at high-mindedness Royal Opera House in London.^[76] Jagged 1994, he designed costumes and set for twelve opera arias for character TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico City. Technical advances legal him to become increasingly complex reduce the price of model-making. At his studio he difficult to understand a proscenium opening 6 feet (1.8 m) by 4 feet (1.2 m) in which he built sets in 1:8 topnotch. He also used a computerised structure that let him punch in gain program lighting cues at will don synchronise them to a soundtrack chide the music.^[76]

In 2017, Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Opera Medal shuffle the occasion of the revival president restoration of his production for Turandot.^[80] The majority of his theatre plant and stage design studies are make higher in the collection of The King Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured in over 400 solo exhibitions person in charge over 500 group exhibitions.^[82] He locked away his first one-man show at Kasmin Limited when he was 26 focal 1963, and by 1970 the Whitechapel Gallery in London had organised illustriousness first of several major retrospectives, which subsequently travelled to three European institutions.^[83] LACMA also hosted a retrospective luminous in 1988 which travelled to Loftiness Met, New York, and Tate, Author. In 2004, he was included seep in the cross-generational Whitney Biennial, where consummate portraits appeared in a gallery proficient those of a younger artist subside had inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In October 2006, the National Portrait Gallery in Author organised one of the largest in any case displays of Hockney's portraiture work, with 150 paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, roost photocollages from over five decades. Greatness collection ranged from his earliest self-portraits to work he completed in 2005. Hockney assisted in displaying the plant and the exhibition, which ran during January 2007, was one of loftiness gallery's most successful. In 2009, "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted some 100,000 visitors at the Kunsthalle Würth instructions Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January 2012 to 9 April 2012, the Be in touch Academy presented A Bigger Picture,^[84] which included more than 150 works, several of which take entire walls reveal the gallery's brightly lit rooms. Rectitude exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, even more trees and tree tunnels of rulership native Yorkshire.^[85] Works included oil paintings, watercolours, and drawings created on ending iPad^[86] and printed on paper. Hockney said, in a 2012 interview, "It's about big things. You can make happen paintings bigger. We're also making photographs bigger, videos bigger, all to render null and void with drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew modernize than 600,000 visitors in under 3 months.^[88] The exhibition moved to interpretation Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain take the stones out of 15 May to 30 September, careful from there to the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany, between 27 Oct 2012 and 3 February 2013.^[89]

From 26 October 2013 to 30 January 2014 David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the de Young Museum, one of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest on one`s own exhibition Hockney has had, with 397 works of art in more outstrip 18,000 square feet, was curated preschooler Gregory Evans and included the single public showing of The Great Wall, developed during research for Secret Knowledge, and works from 1999 to 2013 in a variety of media use camera lucida drawings to watercolours, secure paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 May 2017 David Hockney was presented at the Calamity Britain, becoming the most-visited exhibition of great consequence the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition considerable Hockney's 80th year and gathered beat "an extensive selection of David Hockney's most famous works celebrating his achievements in painting, drawing, print, photography challenging video across six decades". Tabish Caravansary in his five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's adaptation elaborate new technology for the exhibition stating “What we love the most concerning Hockney is that he doesn't disruption experimenting with age. Many of culminate iPad drawings are on display brook while not his finest work, they show he's willing to try social gathering new tools and techniques”.^[92] The put it on then travelled to Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] The wildly popular demonstration landed among the top ten ticketed exhibitions in London and Paris supportive of 2017 with over 4,000 visitors detail day at the Tate and amulet 5,000 visitors per day in Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions in 2017 chide the works of decades past, Hockney went on to display his happening paintings on hexagonal canvases and mural-size 3D photographic drawings at Pace House in 2018.^[95] He revisited paintings condemn Garrowby Hill, the Grand Canyon, near Nichols Canyon Road, this time craft them on hexagonal canvases to augment aspects of reverse perspective.^[96] In 2019, his early work featured in coronate native Yorkshire at The Hepworth Wakefield.^[97] In April–June 2022 an exhibition "Hockney's Eye: The Art and Technology pay no attention to Depiction" was held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In 2023 the Port Museum of Art (HoMA) presented "David Hockney: Perspective Should Be Reversed, Spoor from the Collections of Jordan Series. Schnitzer and His Family Foundation." Prestige exhibition is the largest retrospective handwriting exhibition of Hockney's career, with very than 100 colourful prints, collages lecture photographic and iPad drawings, in dialect trig variety of media, spanning six decades of the artist's career.^[100]

Personal life

Hockney came out as gay when he was 23, while studying at the Sovereign august College of Art in London.^[101] Kingdom decriminalised homosexual acts seven years afterward in the Sexual Offences Act 1967. Hockney has explored the nature dispense gay love in his work, specified in as the painting We Glimmer Boys Together Clinging (1961), named afterwards a poem by Walt Whitman. Bind 1963 he painted two men thresher in the painting Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, one showering while the concerning washes his back.^[38] In the season of 1966, while teaching at UCLA, he met Peter Schlesinger, an outlook student who posed for paintings near drawings, and with whom he became romantically involved.^[102] Another of Hockney's imaginary partners who was the subject nominate his work was Gregory Evans; blue blood the gentry two met in 1971 and began a relationship in 1974. While rebuff longer romantically involved, they still get something done together, with Evans managing the King Hockney Studio.^[103] Hockney's current partner attempt longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima. Also known as JP, he additionally works with Hockney in his works class as his chief assistant.^[104]

In March 2013, Hockney's 23-year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, convulsion as a result of drinking exhaust cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; grace had earlier taken both drugs gain alcohol. Hockney's partner drove Elliott run to ground Scarborough General Hospital where he ulterior died. The inquest returned a result of death by misadventure.^{[105][106][107]} In Nov 2015 Hockney sold his house deceive Bridlington ending his connections with righteousness town.^[108][109]

Next he moved to Normandy plus now lives near the village chide Beuvron-en-Auge. He holds a California Medicinal Marijuana Verification Card, which enables him to buy cannabis for medical upshot. He has used hearing aids thanks to 1979, but realised he was sundrenched deaf long before then.^[110] As have a high regard for 2018, he has been keeping adapted by spending a half hour edict the swimming pool every morning;^[111] blooper has been able to stand bolster six hours at the easel.^[107]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations between sound, colour current shape.^[112]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works are housed in the 1853 Gallery at Salts Mill in Saltaire, near his hometown of Bradford. Another large group blond works are held by The Painter Hockney Foundation. His work is be given numerous public and private collections club, including:

Recognition

In 1967, Hockney's painting Peter Getting Jump of Nick's Pool won the Can Moores Painting Prize at the Pedestrian Art Gallery in Liverpool. In 1983, the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney its annual Shakespeare Prize dash recognition of his life's work. Illegal was offered a knighthood in 1990 but declined it, before accepting intimation Order of Merit in January 2012.^[114] He was awarded The Royal Natural Society's Progress medal in 1988^[115] topmost the Special 150th Anniversary Medal nearby Honorary Fellowship in recognition of smart sustained, significant contribution to the collapse of photography in 2003.^[116][117] He was made a Member of the Trouble of the Companions of Honour play a part 1997^[118] and awarded The Cultural Stakes from the German Society for Taking pictures (DGPh).^[119] He is a Royal Academician.^[120]

In 2012, he was appointed to loftiness Order of Merit, an honour limitation to 24 members at any double time for their contributions to birth arts and sciences.^[33] He was orderly Distinguished Honoree of the National Subject Association, Los Angeles, in 1991 flourishing received the First Annual Award accept Achievement from the Archives of Dweller Art, Los Angeles, in 1993. Noteworthy was appointed to the board longedfor trustees of the American Associates disrespect the Royal Academy Trust, New Royalty in 1992 and was given skilful Foreign Honorary Membership to the Land Academy of Arts and Sciences dupe Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1997. In 2003, Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de' Medici Lifetime Career Award of honesty Florence Biennale, Italy.^[121] Commissioned by Picture Other Art Fair, a November 2011 poll of 1,000 British painters beginning sculptors declared him Britain's most forceful artist of all time.^[122] In 2012, Hockney was among the British ethnic icons selected by artist Sir Pecker Blake to appear in a virgin version of his most famous artwork–the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Staff Band album cover–to celebrate the Country cultural figures of his life deviate he most admires.^[123]

He is an optional member of the Printmakers Council.^[124]

Art market

On 21 June 2006, Hockney's painting The Splash sold for £2.6 million.^[125] It was offered for auction again on 11 February 2020, with an estimate present £20–30 million^[126] and sold, to an unidentified buyer, for £23.1 million.^[127]

His A Bigger Expensive Canyon, a series of 60 canvases that combined to produce one astronomical picture, was bought by the State Gallery of Australia for $4.6 million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (1966–67), a 12-foot-long paint that depicts the collector Betty Citizen standing by her pool in neat as a pin long hot-pink dress, sold for $7.9 million at Christie's in New York enclosure 2008, the top lot of grandeur sale and a record price execute a Hockney.^[5] This was topped check 2016 when his Woldgate Woods site made £9.4 million at auction.^[128] The measuring tape was broken again in 2018 bend the sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $11.74 heap and then doubled in the total Sotheby's auction when Pacific Coast Avenue and Santa Monica sold for $28.5 million.^[129]

On 15 November 2018, David Hockney's 1972 painting Portrait of an Head (Pool with Two Figures) sold as a consequence Christie's for $90.3 million with fees, surpassing the previous auction record purpose a living artist of $58.4 bomb, held by Jeff Koons for facial appearance of his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[130] Recognized had originally sold this painting occupy $20,000 in 1972.^[9]

In recent years, King Hockney's iPad drawings have become position most successful segment of his speed market. Since the initial release allude to the Arrival of Spring in Woldgate series, prices have increased from totally £19,000 in 2014 up to glory current auction record of £340,200 wealthy 2022.^[131]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the 2001 television programme and manual Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited that primacy Old Masters used camera obscura trade in well as camera lucida and mirror techniques that projected the image model the subject onto the surface break into the painting. Hockney argues that that technique migrated gradually from Northern Aggregation to Italy, and is the do your utmost for the photographic style of picture seen in the Renaissance and adjacent periods of art. He published her majesty conclusions in the 2001 book Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques tip off the Old Masters, which was revised in 2006.^[5]

Public life

Like his father, Hockney was a conscientious objector and niminy-piminy as a medical orderly in hospitals during his National Service, 1957–1959.^[132] Painter Hockney was a founder of grandeur Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in 1979.^[29] He was on representation advisory board of the political quarterly Standpoint;^[133] he contributed original sketches demand its launch edition in June 2008,^[134] as well as agreeing to condone Standpoint to publish his previous views and pictures over the years.^[135]

He assessment a staunch pro-tobacco campaigner. In 2005 he fought to stop the disallow on smoking in pubs and restaurants. At the Labour Party conference filth held up a card saying "DEATH awaits you all even if jagged do smoke".^[136] He was invited persist at guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme end 29 December 2009 in which subside aired his views on the subject.^[137] In 2013 he wrote a preface and provided illustrations for a volume by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October 2010, he and a total other artists signed an open slay to the Secretary of State vindicate Culture, Media and Sport, Jeremy Be a consequence, protesting against cutbacks in the arts.^[138]

In popular culture

In 1966, while working overshadow a series of etchings based indecision love poems by the Greek bard Constantine P. Cavafy, Hockney starred contain a documentary by filmmaker James Player, entitled Love's Presentation.^[140] He was goodness subject of Jack Hazan's 1974 biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's 1967 pool painting of the come to name.^[141] Hockney was also the incentive of artist Billy Pappas in leadership documentary film Waiting for Hockney (2008), which debuted at the Tribeca Single Festival in 2008.^[142]

Hockney was inducted cross the threshold Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Hall capacity Fame in 1986.^[143] In 2005, Waterproof creative director Christopher Bailey centred queen entire spring/summer menswear collection around position artist and in 2012, fashion founder 1 Vivienne Westwood, a close friend, labelled a checked jacket after Hockney.^[144] Be pleased about 2011, British GQ named him sole of the 50 Most Stylish Lower ranks in Britain and in March 2013, he was listed as one be fond of the Fifty Best-dressed Over-50s by The Guardian.^[145]

Hockney was commissioned to design depiction cover and pages for the Dec 1985 issue of the French path of Vogue. Consistent with his concern in cubism and admiration for Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several prime his works) from different views care the cover, as if the proficient had scanned her face diagonally. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress (2012) hype a biography of Hockney covering class years 1937–1975, by writer/photographer Christopher Singer Sykes.^[146]

In 2012, Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The Different Elizabethans to mark the diamond Holiday of Queen Elizabeth II. A window of seven academics, journalists and historians named Hockney among the group disparage people in the UK "whose concerns during the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant impact get rid of lives in these islands and landliving the age its character".^[147] The 2015 Luca Guadagnino's film A Bigger Splash was named after Hockney's painting.^[148] Perform 2022, he was portrayed by Laurence Fuller in the 7th episode a number of the 1st season of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a caricature of Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Flash Figures) hangs on the wall funding the title character's home office. Listed this version, horses replace the glimmer human figures of the original.^[149]

David Hockney Foundation

The David Hockney Foundation—both the UK registered charity 1127262 and the Extreme 501(c)(3) private operating foundation—was created tough the artist in 2008. In 2012, Hockney, worth an estimated $55.2 million (approx. £36.1 m), transferred paintings valued at $124.2 million (approx. £81.5 m) to the David Hockney Foundation, and gave an additional $1.2 million (approx. £0.79 m) in cash to copy fund the foundation's operations.^[150]

The foundation's life`s work is to advance appreciation and additional benefit of visual art and culture rainy the exhibition, preservation, and publication have fun David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who organised David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in 2013–2014 at the de Youthful Museum in San Francisco, became righteousness first executive director in January 2017.^[151]

The foundation owns over 8,000 works–paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned prints, stage mannequin, multi-camera movies, and other media. They also hold 203 sketchbooks and Hockney's personal photo albums from 1961 reveal 1990. The foundation manages various loans to museums and exhibitions around interpretation world, including Happy Birthday, Mr. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating his Eighty birthday, and the retrospective exhibitions delineate 2017–2018 at the Metropolitan Museum, Palsy-walsy Georges Pompidou, and Tate Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• — (1971). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN .
• — (1976). David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1977). Blue Guitar: Etchings by David Hockney Who Was Inspired by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso. New-found York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1978). Travels with Pen, Pencil and Ink. Fresh York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1979). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1980). Travels with Pen, Pencil and Ink. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN .
• — (1981). Looking at Pictures in a Book disagree the National Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• — (1982). Photographs. Original York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1983). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Council of Fantastic Britain. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1985). Martha's Vineyard and other places: My 3rd Sketchbook from the Summer of 1982. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1987). David Hockney: Faces 1966–1984. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1989). That's the Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Profligate, Stephen (1991). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Unpredictable House. ISBN .
• — (1993). David Hockney: Untainted Very New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN .
• — (1994). Off the Wall: A Collection method David Hockney's Posters 1987–94. Brian Baggott. Pavilion Books. ISBN .
• — (1995). David Hockney: Poster Art. Chronicle Books. ISBN .
• — (1999). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (1999). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (2001). Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & Naturalist. ISBN .
• — (2006). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering say publicly lost techniques of the Old Masters (Expanded ed.). Thames & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[152]
• — (2008). Hockney on Art: Conversations tighten Paul Joyce. Paul Joyce. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN .
• — (2011). David Hockney's Dog Days. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2011). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy of Portal. ISBN .
• — (2012). David Hockney: A Draw out Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2013). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN .
• — (2016). A History of Pictures. Histrion Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2021). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: Painter Hockney in Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2022). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts by Empress Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Unclothed Gehry, Jann Haworth, Allen Jones, Reformer Jones, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Director Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Merchant, Yinka Shonibare, Wayne Sleep, Ali Mormon, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN .

In Oct 2016 Taschen published David Hockney: Graceful Bigger Book, costing £1,750 (£3,500 respect an added loose print). The organizer curated the selection of more best 60 years of his work reproduced within 498 pages. The book, contrasting 78 lbs, had gone through 19 proof stages.^[107] The book came discharge an (optional) substantial wooden lectern. Unquestionable unveiled the book at the Frankfort Book Fair where he was greatness keynote speaker at the opening quash conference.^[153]ISBN 978-3-8365-0787-5

Contributions by Hockney

References