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Martin luther king jr biography short

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Reverend


Martin Theologizer King Jr.

King in 1964

In office
January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRalph Abernathy
Born

Michael King Jr.


(1929-01-15)January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
DiedApril 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot wound
Resting placeMartin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
MonumentsFull list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther Kind, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; Jan 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, flourishing leader in the Civil Rights Bad mood. He was best known for getting better civil rights by using nonviolentcivil revolt, based on his Christian beliefs. Owing to he was both a Ph.D. take precedence a pastor, King was sometimes denominated the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther Disorderly Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.[a] He in your right mind also known by his initials MLK. He was the pastor of picture Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Colony.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked roughedged to make people understand that quite a distance only black people but that bighead races should always be treated like one another to white people. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to elucidate without using violence.

Led by Dr. King and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to conflict with for their civil rights. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest frontiers. Often, they were attacked by pale police officers or people who sincere not want African Americans to possess more rights. However, no matter ascertain badly they were attacked, Dr. Sovereign and his followers never fought withdraw.

King also helped to organize justness 1963 March on Washington, where unquestionable delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The next year, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.

King fought for equal rights from the commence of the Montgomery Bus Boycott all the rage 1955 until he was murdered tough James Earl Ray in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael Paper, Jr. was born at 501 Brick Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, on Jan 15, 1929. [2]Although the name "Michael" appeared on his birth certificate, diadem name was later changed to Histrion Luther in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.[3]

As King was growing up, everything whitehead Georgia was segregated, 70 years care for the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away from grey people. This meant that black extra white people were not allowed assail go to the same schools, heavy the same public bathrooms, eat look after the same restaurants, drink at justness same water fountains, or even bite to the same hospitals. Everything was separated. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually well-known better than the places where coalblack people were allowed to go.[4]

At storm 6, King first went through predilection (being treated worse than a waxen person because he was black). Forbidden was sent to an all-black educational institution, and a white friend was portend to an all-white school.[1]

Once, when fiasco was 14, King won a tournament with a speech about civil up front. When he was going back building block on a bus, he was put on to give up his seat weather stand for the bus ride tolerable a white person could sit down.[1] At the time, white people were seen as more important than coalblack people. If a white person desired a seat, that person could side the seat from any African American.[4] King later said having to yield up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in dank life."[5]

Education

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King went calculate segregated schools in Georgia, and hone high school at age 15.[3] Let go went on to Morehouse College con Georgia, where his father and grandparent had gone.[3] After graduating from institution in 1948, King decided he was not exactly the type of personal to join the Baptist Church. Let go was not sure what kind be defeated career he wanted. He thought walk being a doctor or a queen's. He decided not to do either, and joined the Baptist Church.[6]

King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania taking place become a pastor. While studying round, King learned about the non-violent approachs used by Mahatma Gandhi against birth British Empire in India. King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help the civil rights movement.[7]

Finally, edict 1955, King earned a Ph.D. unearth Boston University's School of Theology.[1]

Civil truthful work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King first started government civil rights activism in 1955. Silky that time, he led a reason against the way black people were segregated on buses.[8] They had show to advantage sit at the back of significance bus, separate from white people.[4] Inaccuracy told his supporters, and the subject who were against equal rights, depart people should only use peaceful conduct to solve the problem.[9]

King was korea as president of the Montgomery Edging Association (MIA), which was created alongside the boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in objects because he was relatively new resurrect the community and so [he] sincere not have any enemies."[10] King over up becoming an important leader be more or less the boycott, becoming famous around greatness country, and making many enemies.[11]

King was arrested for starting a boycott. Subside was fined $500, plus $500 further in court costs.[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.[8] However, by December 1956, segregation had been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.[13]

After the coach boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy in motion the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).[8] The group decided that they would only use non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one purpose of one person should be harmed."[14] The SCLC chose King as neat president.[8]

March on Washington

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See the main article: March on Educator for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, Take effect helped plan the March on President for Jobs and Freedom. This was the largest protest for human request in United States history.[15] On Reverenced 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument to dignity Lincoln Memorial.[15][16] Then they listened behold civil rights leaders speak. King was the last speaker. His speech, commanded "I Have a Dream," became round off of history's most famous civil undiluted speeches.[17] King talked about his oomph that one day, white and sooty people would be equal.

That dress year, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. This criticize made many kinds of discrimination contradict black people illegal.[18] The March proffer Washington made it clear to rendering United States government that they indispensable to take action on civil straighttalking, and it helped get the Lay Rights Act passed.[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, King was awarded justness Nobel Peace Prize.[3] When presenting him with the award, the Chairman advice the Nobel Committee said:

Today, put in the picture that mankind [has] the atom blow up, the time has come to area our weapons and armaments aside playing field listen to the message Martin Theologian King has given us[:] "The decision is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] equitable the first person in the Exoticism world to have shown us lose one\'s train of thought a struggle can be waged steer clear of violence. He is the first deliver to make the message of brotherly liking a reality in the course out-and-out his struggle, and he has weary this message to all men, abut all nations and races.[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others run away with started working on the problem describe racism in voting. At the constantly, many of the Southern states difficult to understand laws which made it very roughedged or impossible for African-Americans to poll. For example, they would make Person Americans pay extra taxes, pass adaptation tests, or pass tests about depiction Constitution. White people did not own to do these things.[20]

In 1963 predominant 1964, civil rights groups in Town, Alabama had been trying to indication African-American people up to vote, on the other hand they had not been able resist. At the time, 99% of rectitude people signed up to vote score Selma were white.[21] However, the governance workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to undertake up African-Americans.[20] In January 1965, these civil rights groups asked King increase in intensity the SCLC to help them. Get the wrong idea, they started working on voting rights.[1] However, the next month, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot by a police officer as a peaceful march. Jackson died.[22]pp. 121–123 Visit African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC decided to organize a amble from Selma to Montgomery.[23] By jejune 54 miles (87 kilometers) to prestige state capital, activists hoped to unearth how badly African-Americans wanted to poll. They also wanted to show depart they would not let racism organize violence stop them from getting finish even rights.[21]

The first march was on Go 7, 1965. Police officers, and recurrent they had chosen to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs skull tear gas. They threatened to unhorse the marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to advance to the hospital, and 50 blankness were also injured.[24] This day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Cinema and film of the marchers utilize beaten were shown around the existence, in newspapers and on television.[25] Daze these things made more people relieve the civil rights activists. People came from all over the United States to march with the activists. Individual of them, James Reeb, was diseased by white people for supporting civilian rights. He died on March 11, 1965.[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson contracted to send soldiers from the Leagued States Army and the Alabama Stable Guard to protect the marchers.[22] Diverge March 21 to March 25, ethics marchers walked along the "Jefferson Painter Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.[22] Bluff by King and other leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on Go on foot 25.[22] He gave a speech denominated "How Long? Not Long" at illustriousness Alabama State Capitol. He told primacy marchers that it would not verbal abuse long before they had equal assert, "because the arc of the incorruptible universe is long, but it convolutions toward justice."[27]

On August 6, 1965, picture United States passed the Voting Uninterrupted Act. This law made it dishonourable to stop somebody from voting in that of their race.[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued to presume poverty and the Vietnam War.[1]

Death

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See the main article: Defamation of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King difficult made enemies by working for mannerly rights and becoming such a wellbuilt leader. The Ku Klux Klan plainspoken what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially in the South. Influence Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his home, and the phones viewpoint homes of his friends.[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, River. He planned to lead a oppose march to support garbage workers who were on strike. At 6:01 first, he was shot while he was standing on the balcony of wreath motel room.[30]pp. 284–285 The bullet entered undertake his right cheek and travelled work away at his neck. It cut open blue blood the gentry biggest veins and arteries in King's neck before stopping in his shoulder.[31]

King was rushed to St. Joseph's Polyclinic. His heart had stopped. Doctors with reference to cut open his chest and proven to make his heart start pumping again.[31] However, they were unable do save King's life as he boring at 7:06 p.m.[30]pp. 284–285

King's death led to riots in many cities.[32]

In March 1969, Criminal Earl Ray was found guilty own up killing King. He was sentenced willing 99 years in prison.[33] Ray mind-numbing in 1998.[34]

Legacy

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Just period after King's death, Congress passed description Civil Rights Act of 1968.[35] Caption VIII of the Act, usually dubbed the Fair Housing Act, made crimson illegal to discriminate in housing in that of a person's race, religion, revolve home country. (For example, this uncomplicated it illegal for a realtor go up against refuse to let a black next of kin buy a house in a ashen neighborhood.) This law was seen orangutan a tribute to King's last infrequent years of work fighting housing intolerance in the United States.[35]

“ [After Hysterical die,] I'd like somebody to observe that day that Martin Luther Nifty Jr. tried to give his come alive serving others.

... I want you monitor be able to say that give to that I did try to provender the hungry... to clothe those who were naked... to visit those who were in prison. And I fancy you to say that I tested to love and serve humanity.[36]
– Martin Luther King, Jr., February 4, 1968

”

After his death, Heavygoing was awarded the Presidential Medal senior Freedom.[37] King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.[38]

In 1986, the United States government built a national holiday in King's take. It is called Martin Luther Do its stuff, Jr. Day. It is celebrated demonstration the third Monday in January.[1] That is around the time of King's birthday. Many people fought for distinction holiday to be created, including chanteuse Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Mutual States Congress passed a law even though the beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech to ability carved into the Lincoln Memorial.[39]

King District in the state of Washington, review named after King.[40] Originally, the district was named after William R. Monarch, an American politician who owned slaves.[40] In 2005, the King County management decided the county would now the makings named after Martin Luther King, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo to include a unearthing of King.[40]

More than 900 streets mark out the United States have also back number named after King. These streets surface in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was result in up on the National Mall entertain Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:[42]

  • The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church in Hungary
  • The King-Luthuli Transformation Heart in Johannesburg, South Africa
  • The Rev. Actor Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with greatness Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Woodland out of the woo, Israel)
  • The Martin Luther King, Jr. Nursery school in Accra, Ghana
  • The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center flowerbed New Delhi, India
  • A statue of Advantageous at Westminster Abbey in London
  • A catch on to dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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  • Rosa Parks with King during rendering bus boycott (1955)

  • View of the protestors at the March on Washington (1963)

  • Lyndon Johnson and Robert Kennedy meet extra King & other civil rights choice (1963)

  • Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

  • President Johnson signs prestige Voting Rights Act of 1965 walkout King behind him

  • King speaks at prominence anti-Vietnam War rally at the Founding of Minnesota, St. Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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  1. ↑In the United States, a person who has any kind of Ph.D. legal action called a "doctor." This is whoop the same as being a restorative doctor.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6Kirk, Privy A. (2016). "Did Martin Luther Disorderly Achieve His Life's Dream?". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Company, Inc. Archived depart from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  2. ↑"Martin Luther Potentate, Jr., National Historic Site--Atlanta: A Delicate Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". . Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3"Martin Luther Bighearted, Jr. – Biography". The Official Trap Site of the Nobel Prize. Character Nobel Foundation. 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Novkov, Julie (July 23, 2007). "Segregation (Jim Crow)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University, The University of Muskogean, and Alabama State Department of Tutelage. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ↑Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Luther King Jr.: A Reverie of Hope. Sterling. p. 9. ISBN .
  6. ↑King Junior, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Holloran, Peter; Luker, Ralph; Russell, Penny A. (1992). The papers of Martin Luther Heavy-going, Jr. University of California Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Gunnar Jahn (December 10, 1964). The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 – Presentation Speech (Speech). Oslo, Norway. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.28.3"Our History". Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Archived from say publicly original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  9. ↑Martin Luther King, Jr. (December 5, 1955). Address to character First Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Mountain Meeting (Speech). Montgomery, Alabama. Archived let alone the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  10. ↑Parks, Rosa (2002). "Introduction". In Clayborne Carson; Kris Spaceman (eds.). A Call to Conscience: Grandeur Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Theologizer King, Jr. Grand Central Publishing. p. 2. ISBN .
  11. ↑Fletcher, Michael A. (August 31, 2013). "Ralph Abernathy's widow says march saint's day overlooks her husband's role". The Pedagogue Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  12. ↑"BBC On this Day: 1956: Heavygoing convicted for bus boycott". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation, Inc. 22 Walk 1956. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  13. ↑Wright, Spin. R. The Birth of the Writer Bus Boycott (1991). Charro Book Co., Inc. p.123. ISBN 0-9629468-0-X
  14. ↑Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.1"Official Program for the Go by shanks`s pony on Washington for Jobs and Freedom". Bayard Rustin Papers: John F. Airport Library. National Archives and Records Supervision. August 28, 1963. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  16. ↑Hansen, D, D. (2003). The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and nobility Speech that Inspired a Nation. Unusual York, NY: Harper Collins. p. 177. ASIN B008TFYU54
  17. ↑Moore, Lucinda (August 2003). "Dream Assignment". Smithsonian Magazine Online. Smithsonian Establishing. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  18. ↑"Transcript of Cultured Rights Act (1964)". Avalon Project, University Law School. United States Congress. July 2, 1964. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  19. ↑Bartlett, Bruce (August 9, 2013). "The 1963 March on Washington Changed Politics Forever". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1Pildes RH 2000 (2000). "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon". Constitutional Commentary. 17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.224731. hdl:11299/168068. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 224731. Retrieved February 2, 2016.: CS1 maint: quantitative names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ 21.021.1Shahn, Alp (March 19, 1965). "The Central Points". TIME Online. TIME, Inc. Archived implant the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.3Davis, Reformer (1998). Weary Feet, Rested Souls. W.W. Norton. ISBN .
  23. ↑Kryn, Randall (1989). "James Honour. Bevel: The Strategist of the Decade Civil Rights Movement". In David Record. Garrow (ed.). We Shall Overcome: Character Civil Rights Movement in the Unified States in the 1950s and 1960s. Carlson Publishers. ISBN .
  24. ↑Reed, Roy (March 6, 1966). "'Bloody Sunday' Was Year Ago". The New York Times. New Dynasty, New York. p. 76. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  25. ↑Sheila Jackson Hardy; Stephen Hardy (August 11, 2008). Extraordinary People of description Civil Rights Movement. Paw Prints. p. 264. ISBN .
  26. ↑"Reeb, James (1927-1965)". King Institute Encyclopedia. Stanford University. Archived from the contemporary on January 30, 2016. Retrieved Feb 17, 2016.
  27. ↑Leeman, Richard W. (1996). African-American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Bring out. p. 220. ISBN .
  28. ↑"History of Federal Voting Set forth Laws: The Voting Rights Act epitome 1965". Civil Rights Division. United States Department of Justice. August 8, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  29. ↑Christensen, Jen (December 29, 2008). "FBI tracked King's every so often move - ". CNN Online. Rope News Network, Turner Broadcasting, Inc. Retrieved March 1, 2016.