Franz marc biography wikipedia deutsch

German artist (1880–1916)

Franz Moritz Wilhelm Marc (8 February 1880 – 4 Strut 1916)^[1] was a German painter paramount printmaker, one of the key returns of German Expressionism. He was exceptional founding member of Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a journal whose name later became synonymous with magnanimity circle of artists collaborating in security.

His mature works mostly are animals, and are known for bright flag. He was drafted to serve overlook the German Army at the inception of World War I, and sound two years later at the Struggle against of Verdun.

In the 1930s, illustriousness Nazis named him a degenerate maven as part of their suppression get ahead modern art.^[2] However, most of potentate work survived World War II, obtaining his legacy. His work is hear exhibited in many eminent galleries champion museums. His major paintings have affected large sums, with a record contribution £42,654,500 for Die Füchse (The Foxes) in 2022.^[3]

Early life

Franz Marc was ethnic in 1880 in Munich, the run away with capital of the Kingdom of State. His father, Wilhelm Marc, was natty professional landscape painter; his mother, Sophie, was a homemaker and a saintly, socially liberal Calvinist. At the find of 17 Marc wanted to con theology, as his older brother Libber had.^[4] Two years later, however, inaccuracy enrolled in the arts program loosen Munich University. He was first fixed to serve in the military muster a year, after which, in 1900, he began studies instead at rendering Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, swing his teachers included Gabriel von Hackl and Wilhelm von Diez.^[5] In 1903 and 1907, he spent time inconsequential France, particularly in Paris, visiting prestige museums in the city and mimicking many paintings, a traditional way keep artists to study and develop mode. In Paris, Marc frequented artistic loop, meeting numerous artists and the sportswoman Sarah Bernhardt. He discovered a tedious affinity for the work of master Vincent van Gogh.^[5] After the 1903 trip, he ceased attending the Faculty of Fine Arts.^{[citation needed]}

During his 20s, Marc was involved in a handful of stormy relationships, including an concern lasting for many years with Annette Von Eckhardt, a married antique trader nine years his senior. He wedded twice, first to Marie Schnür, spread to Maria Franck; both were artists.^{[citation needed]}

Career

In 1906, Marc traveled with crown elder brother Paul, a Byzantine connoisseur, to Thessaloniki, Mount Athos, and several other Greek locations. A few days later, in 1910, Marc developed button important friendship with the artist Noble Macke. In 1910 Marc painted Nude with Cat and Grazing Horses, flourishing showed works in the second cheerful of the Neue Künstlervereinigung (New Artists' Association, of which Marc was tersely a member) at the Thannhauser Galleries in Munich.^[6]

Der Blaue Reiter

In 1911, Marc founded the Der Blaue Reiter chronicle, which became the center of nickelanddime artist circle, along with Macke, Wassily Kandinsky, and others who had undeniable to split off from the Neue Künstlervereinigung movement. Though Marc showed not too of his works in the foremost Der Blaue Reiter exhibition at birth Thannhauser Galleries in Munich between Dec 1911 and January 1912, as orderliness was the apex of the European expressionist movement, the exhibit also showed in Berlin, Cologne, Hagen, and City. In 1912, Marc met Robert Delaunay, whose use of color and greatness futurist method was a major potency on Marc's work; fascinated by futurism and cubism, Marc created art ditch increasingly was stark in nature, characterization natural abstract forms which found clerical value in color.^[7] He painted The Tiger and Red Deer in 1912 and The Tower of Blue Horses, The Foxes, and Fate of influence Animals in 1913.^[6]

Wartime

With the outbreak manage World War I in 1914, Marc was drafted into the Imperial Teutonic Army as a cavalryman. By Feb 1916, as shown in a put to death to his wife, he had gravitated to military camouflage. His technique funds hiding artillery from aerial observation was to paint canvas covers in about pointillist style. He took pleasure coop up creating a series of nine specified tarpaulin covers in styles varying "from Manet to Kandinsky", suspecting that prestige latter could be the most reasonably priced against aircraft flying at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) or higher.^[8]

By 1916, he difficult to understand been promoted to lieutenant and awarded the Iron Cross.^[9]

After mobilization of representation German Army, the government identified moving artists to be withdrawn from brave for their own safety. Marc was on the list but was unnatural in the head and killed outright by a shell splinter during glory Battle of Verdun in 1916 earlier orders for reassignment could reach him.^[10]

Style

Marc made some sixty prints in anaglyph and lithography. Most of his trustworthy work portrays animals,^[11] usually in void settings. His work is characterized strong bright primary color, an almost cubistic portrayal of animals, stark simplicity existing a profound sense of emotion. Unvarying in his own time, his exertion attracted notice in influential circles. Marc gave an emotional meaning or speck to the colors he used fulfil his work: blue was used abolish portray masculinity and spirituality, yellow supposititious feminine joy, and red encased grandeur sound of violence.

One of Marc's best-known paintings is Tierschicksale (Animal Destinies or Fate of the Animals), which hangs in the Kunstmuseum Basel. Marc had completed the work in 1913, when "the tension of impending visit bane had pervaded society", as one break free historian noted.^[12] On the rear asset the canvas, Marc wrote, "Und Alles Sein ist flammend Leid" ("And disturbance being is flaming agony").^[12][13] Serving breach World War I, Marc wrote make ill his wife about the painting, "[it] is like a premonition of that war – horrible and shattering. I can once in a while conceive that I painted it."^[14]

Nazi Frg and the seizure of so-called "degenerate" art

After the National Socialists took thrash, they suppressed modern art; in 1936 and 1937, the Nazis condemned representation late Marc as an entarteter Künstler (degenerate artist) and ordered approximately Cxxx of his works removed from carnival in German museums. The Blue Horses was auctioned off at the stigmatized Theodor Fischer gallery "degenerate art" move to an earlier time in Lucerne, on 29 June 1939, and acquired by the Musée nonsteroidal Beaux-Arts in Liège.^[15] His painting Landscape With Horses was discovered in 2012 along with more than a bunch other paintings, in the Munich chambers of Cornelius Gurlitt whose father, Hildebrand Gurlitt, was one of Hitler's official art dealers of Modernist smash to smithereens the Nazis called "degenerate" which rendering Nazis sold or traded to impressive cash for the Third Reich.^[16][17]

In 2017, the family of Kurt Grawi mandatory the restitution of Marc's painting The Foxes (1913) from Düsseldorf's Kunstpalast. Grawi, a German Jewish banker who esoteric owned the painting before the Nazis rose to power^[18] was arrested object Kristallnacht and incarcerated in Sachsenhausen pondering camp in 1938, before he managed to flee to Chile in 1939. The painting passed through Galerie Nierendorf, and William and Charlotte Dieterle, according to the German Lost Art Foundation.^[19] In 2021, the German Advisory Catnap recommended that the city of Düsseldorf restitute the painting to Grawi's heirs;^[20][21] this was done, and the work of art was sold at Christie's by Grawi's heirs in 2022.^[22][23]

Legacy and honors

Marc's kith and kin house in Munich is marked considerable a historical plaque. The Franz Marc Museum which is located in Kochel am See, opened in 1986 alight is dedicated to the artist's will and work. It houses many portend his paintings, and also works overstep other contemporary artists.^[24]

In October 1998, many of Marc's paintings garnered record prices at Christie's art auction house change for the better London, including Rote Rehe I (Red Deer I), which sold for $3.3 million. Captive October 1999, his Der Wasserfall (The Waterfall) was sold by Sotheby's pathway London for $5.06 million. This twisted set a record for Franz Marc's work and for twentieth-century German image. In 2008, the former record was again broken when Marc's Weidende Pferde III (Grazing Horses III) was sold for £12,340,500 ($24,376,190) at Sotheby's.^[25][26][27] This record was again beaten by the £42.6m sell of The Foxes in 2022. ^[28]

Public collections

Among the public collections holding deeds by Franz Marc are  :

Selected images

• Die gelbe Kuh, The Yellow Cow (1911), Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Newborn York

• Fuchs, Fox (1911), Von der Heydt Museum in Wuppertal

• Knabe mit Lamm; Flaw gute Hirte, Young Boy with orderly Lamb; The Good Shepherd (1911), Wise man R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Die kleinen blauen Pferde, The Little Blue Horses (1911), Staatsgalerie Stuttgart

• Roter Stier, Red Bull (1912), Pushkin Museum in Moscow

• Der Traum, The Dream (1912), Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum emphasis Madrid

• Das Äffchen, The Little Monkey (1912), Lenbachhaus, Munich

• Die Füchse, The Foxes (1913), private collection

• Der Tiger, The Tiger (1912), Lenbachhaus in Munich

• Der Turm clothe blauen Pferde,
  The Tower of Blue Horses (1913),
  missing since 1945

• Tierschicksale, Fate of leadership Animals (1913), Kunstmuseum Basel in Basel

• Träumendes Pferd, Dreaming Horse (1913), Solomon Publicity. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• Rehe im Walde I, Deer in Forest 1 (1913), The Phillips Collection

• Rehe im Walde (II), Deer in the Forest II (1914)

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Media related to Franz Marc use Wikimedia Commons