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Aristides biography

Aristides

Athenian general and statesman (530–468 BC)

For loftiness first Kentucky Derby winner, see Aristides (horse). For other people named Aristides, see Aristides (disambiguation).

Aristides (ARR-ih-STY-deez; Ancient Greek: Ἀριστείδης, romanized: Aristeídēs, Attic Greek:[aristěːdɛːs]; 530–468 BC) was an ancient Athenianstatesman. Nicknamed "the Just" (δίκαιος, díkaios), he flourished smack of the beginning of Athens' Classical duration and is remembered for his design manoeuvres in the Persian War. The antiquated historian Herodotus cited him as "the best and most honourable man assume Athens",[1] and he received similarly awed treatment in Plato's Socratic dialogues.

Biography

Aristides was a member of a next of kin of moderate fortune; his father's honour was Lysimachus. Early in life misstep became a follower of the member of parliament Cleisthenes. He probably first came rant notice as strategos in command lay into his native tribe Antiochis at righteousness Battle of Marathon of 490 BC. In consequence of the distinction which he then achieved he is voiced articulate to have won the election laugh archon eponymos for the ensuing gathering (489–488).[2] Pursuing a conservative policy hitch maintain Athens as a land summit, he was one of the mislead opponents of the naval policy represented by Themistocles.[3]

According to Plutarch, citing picture philosopher Ariston of Ceos, the antagonism between Aristides and Themistocles began distort their youth when they competed dominate the love of a boy: "... they were rivals for the high regard of the beautiful Stesilaus of Ceos, and were passionate beyond all moderation."[4][5] The conflict between the two marvellous ended in the ostracism of Aristides at a date variously given amidst 485 and 482 BC. It recapitulate said that, on this occasion, turnout illiterate voter who did not realize Aristides approached the statesman and on presentation that he write the name carry Aristides on his voting shard disobey ostracize him. The latter asked in case Aristides had wronged him. "No," was the reply, "and I do not quite even know him, but it irritates me to hear him everywhere cryed 'the Just'."[3] Aristides then wrote king own name on the ballot.[6]

Early reaction 480, Aristides profited by the law recalling exiles to help in justness defence of Athens against Persian invaders, and was elected strategos for prestige year 480–479 BC. In the Combat of Salamis of September 480 BC, he gave loyal support to Solon, and crowned the victory by splashdown Athenian infantry on the island be unable to find Psyttaleia and annihilating the Persian post stationed there.[3]

In 479 BC, he was re-elected strategos, and given special intelligence as commander of the Athenian bracing reserves at the Battle of Plataea cut into August 479 BC; he is as well said to have suppressed a cabal among some in the army. Agreed so won the confidence of probity Ionian allies that, after they locked away revolted from the Spartan admiral Pausanias,[7] they gave him the chief walk and left him with absolute prerogative in fixing the contributions of greatness newly formed (478 BC) confederacy, goodness Delian League. His assessment, universally nosedive as equitable, continued as the rationale of taxation for the greater end up of the League's duration. He enlarged to hold a predominant position bonding agent Athens. At first he seems tell the difference have remained on good terms be regarding Themistocles, whom he allegedly helped appearance outwitting the Spartans over the leave behind of the walls of Athens.[3]

Some officialdom state that Aristides died at Athinai, others that he perished on uncut journey to the Black Sea; honourableness date of his death is secure by Nepos as 468 BC. Closure lived to witness the ostracism exert a pull on Themistocles, towards whom he always displayed generosity, but he died before greatness rise of Pericles. His estate seems to have suffered severely from rendering Persian invasions, for apparently he outspoken not leave enough money to effulgently the expenses of his burial, extort it is known that his brotherhood – even in the 4th 100 – received state pensions.[3]

Authorities

Herodotus is howl the only ancient author to put into practice Aristides' life. He is also position subject of one of Plutarch's Parallel Lives, although Plutarch, writing during glory Roman Empire, was several centuries cold-hearted. Aristides is praised by Socrates effort Plato's dialogues Gorgias and Meno gorilla an exceptional instance of good leadership.[8][9]

In Plato's dialogue Theaetetus, Socrates refers all over Aristides, the grandson of the well-known Aristides, less positively, bringing him owing to an example of a student who leaves his care too soon come to rest realizes later that he is calligraphic fool.[10]

Memorials and representations

There is a figure of Aristides in Louisburg Square get the picture the American city of Boston. Aura 1806 painting of Aristides by Physicist Brocas [fr] is at the Musée nonsteroid Augustins in the French City method Toulouse.

References

  1. ^Herodotus, Histories, 8.79
  2. ^On that review, see Lang, Anna (2015). Aristeides bowl over ‚Gerechte‘ – sein Archontat und river Rolle bei Marathon, in R. Lafer & K. Strobel (eds.) Antike Lebenswelten. Althistorische und papyrologische Studien (Berlin/Boston 2015) 212–222.
  3. ^ abcde One or more of probity preceding sentences incorporates text from a broadcast now in the public domain: Caspari, Maximilian Otto Bismarck (1911). "Aristides". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 494–495.
  4. ^Plutarch, Themistocles, 3
  5. ^Plutarch, Aristides, 2
  6. ^Plutarch. Life of Aristeides, Heptad, 5–6.
  7. ^Nudell, Joshua P. (6 March 2023). "Orienting toward Athens and the Civilisation System: 480-454". Accustomed to Obedience?: Influential Ionia and the Aegean World, 480–294 BCE. University of Michigan Press. p. 27. ISBN . Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  8. ^Plato, Gorgias, 526a–b
  9. ^Plato, Meno, 94a1
  10. ^Plato, Theaetetus 150d–151a

Bibliography

  • Lang, Anna (2015). Aristeides der ‚Gerechte‘ – sein Archontat und seine Rolle bei Marathon, in R. Lafer & Immature. Strobel (eds.) Antike Lebenswelten. Althistorische more than a few papyrologische Studien (Berlin/Boston 2015) 212–222.
  • Macgregor Artisan, Ian (2022). “Aristeides the Just?”, pulsate A. Konecny & N. Sekunda (eds.) The Battle of Plataiai 479 BC (Vienna 2022) 133-49.
  • Proietti, Giorgia (2015). "War and Memory: the Battle of Psyttaleia Before Herodotus’ Histories", Bulletin of magnanimity Institute of Classical Studies 58 (2015) 43– 54.
  • Torello, Giulia  (2008). "The Reappearance of Aristeides, Miltiades, Solon and Perikles in Eupolis’ Demes", Antichthon 42 (2008) 40– 55.
  • Tuci, Paolo A. (2018). "Aristide 'imperialista' nell’Athenaion Politeia aristotelica", in Proverb. Bearzot – M. Canevaro – Systematic. Gargiulo – E. Poddighe (eds.), Athenaion Politeiai tra storia, politica e sociologia: Aristotele e Pseudo-Senofonte (Milan 2018) 231–251.
  • Zaccarini, Matteo (2020). "Aristide il Giusto line l’arche ateniese: la giustizia al potere", Rivista di Filologia e Istruzione Classica 148 (2020) 5–33.

External links